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		<title>The Drupal blocks system from Drop.org to Drupal 8</title>

		<meta name="description" content="Presentation given on DrupalCon Prague 2013">
		<meta name="author" content="Frederic G. Marand" />

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				<section data-background="images/background-prague.png">
					<h1 class="custom inverse">The Drupal blocks system</h1>
					<h2 class="custom inverse">from drop.org to Drupal 8</h2>
					<p class="custom inverse name">by <a href="https://twitter.com/OSInet">Frédéric G. Marand</a> aka <a href="http://drupal.org/user/27985">fgm</a> / <a href="http://www.osinet.fr">OSInet</a>
					</p>
				  	<img src="images/logo-prague.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 250px; margin-top: 0.8em;">
				</section>

				<!--
				<section>
					<img src="osinet.png"  class="cover-img" style="height: 150px;" />
					<div class="cover-osi">
					<h3>The Drupal blocks system from drop.org to Drupal 8</h3>
					<p>by Frédéric G. Marand (fgm)</p>
					</div>fi
				</section>
				-->

				<section>
					<h2>Once upon a time...</h2>
					<blockquote class="downer">“First we start making a slashdot.org alike site: a community weblog that offers all you need to know”</blockquote>
					<p class="right"><small>docs/mission.php, circa 2000-03</small></p>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal – <span class="lowercase">LoC</span> vs time</h2>
					        <div class="diagramme" style="position: relative;">
					          <img src="images/codesize-1.png" alt="code-1998-2014" />
					          <img src="images/codesize-1-legende.png" alt="code-1998-2014" style="position: absolute; top: 25px; left: 250px; width: 150px;" />
					        </div>
				        </section>
				        <section class="full">
					        <div class="diagramme-full" style="position: relative;">
					          <img src="images/codesize-1.png" alt="code-1998-2014" />
					          <img src="images/codesize-1-legende.png" alt="code-1998-2014" style="position: absolute; top: 30px; left: 180px; width: 170px;" />
					        </div>
					        <p class="caption">Drupal – LoC vs time</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>PHP code in Drupal</h2>
					        <div class="diagramme"><img src="images/codesize-filter-2.png" alt="php-1998-2014"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section class="full">
					        <div class="diagramme-full"><img src="images/codesize-filter-2.png" alt="php-1998-2014"></div>
					        <p class="caption">PHP code in Drupal</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>CSS code in Drupal</h2>
					        <div class="diagramme"><img src="images/codesize-filter-3.png" alt="css-1998-2014"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section class="full">
					        <div class="diagramme-full"><img src="images/codesize-filter-3.png" alt="css-1998-2014"></div>
					        <p class="caption">CSS code in Drupal</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>JavaScript code in Drupal</h2>
					        <div class="diagramme"><img src="images/codesize-filter-4.png" alt="css-1998-2014"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section class="full">
					        <div class="diagramme-full"><img src="images/codesize-filter-4.png" alt="css-1998-2014"></div>
					        <p class="caption">JavaScript code in Drupal</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">drop.org</h1>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;" />
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>drop.org – what's a block, really ?</h2>
					        <blockquote class="downer">Every single “box” on the website can be themed: not only the colors but the entire look-and-feel and position.</blockquote>
					        <p class="right"><small>docs/features.php, circa 2000-03</small></p>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>drop.org – what's a block, really ?</h3>
					        <blockquote class="right downer" style="float: left; width: 25%;"><span class="quote-underline">Boxes:</span></blockquote>

					        <blockquote class="left downer" style="float: right; width: 70%;">
					        Box for latest headlines.<br />
					        Box for older headlines.<br />
					        Box for related links.<br />
					        Box with login form.<br />
					        User-defined box.<br />
					        </blockquote>
					        <p class="right"><small>docs/features.php, circa 2000-03</small></p>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>drop.org – what's a block, really ?</h3>
						<blockquote class="right downer" style="float: left; width: 25%;"><span class="quote-underline">Theme support:</span></blockquote>

						<blockquote class="left downer" style="float: right; width: 70%;">
						  Not only can you change the colors, you can also change the position of most boxes and such.
						</blockquote>
						<p class="right"><small>docs/features.php, circa 2000-03</small></p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>drop.org – page cycle</h2>
						<p class="left">No front controller, controller = PHP file</p>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li><code>index.php, faq.php, article.php, ...</code></li>
						  <li>uses GET query string, notably op for action variation</li>
						  <li><code>register_globals = on</code> required</li>
						  <li>dedicated back-office : <code>admin.php</code>
</li>
						</ul>
				        </section>

				        <section>
						<h3>drop.org – page cycle</h3>
						<p class="left">Controller
</p>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li>loads shared functions, configuration
</li>
						  <li><code>$theme->header()</code>
</li>
						  <li>if action variants exists, switch <code>($op)
</code>
						    <ul>
						      <li>adds content base on <code>$op</code>,</li>
						      <li>e.g., <code>$theme->article()</code>, others build HTML inline</li>
						      <li><code>article()</code>, <code>box()</code> , <code>comment()</code>, <code>abstract()</code>,
</li>
						    </ul></li>
						  <li><code>footer()</code>, <code>header()</code>, <code>preview()</code></li>
						  <li><code>$theme->footer()</code></li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>drop.org – block placement</h2>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li>No block placement UI</li>
						  <li>Theme methods decide which blocks they will display in their predefined <code>header</code> et <code>footer</code> elements.</li>
						  <li><code>themes/Dries/theme.class</code>
						  <code class="codeblock">
						  function footer() { /* ..snip.. */<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;global $PHP_SELF;<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;if (strstr($PHP_SELF, "index.php")) {<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;global $user;<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;displayAccount($this);
                                                  </code></li>
						  <li>Predefined function invoke <code>$theme->box($subject, $content)</code></li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
						<h3>drop.org – block placement</h3>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li><code>functions.inc</code>
						  <code class="codeblock">
						  function displayAccount($theme) {<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;global $user, $cookie;<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;if ($user) {<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;### Display userblock if any:<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;displayUserblock();<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;else {<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$content = "&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;FORM METHOD=\"post\" ACTION=\"account.php\"&gt;\n
                                                  &lt;P&gt;Username:&lt;BR&gt;&lt;INPUT TYPE=\"text\" NAME=\"uname\" MAXLENGTH=\"50\"SIZE=\"12\"&gt;&lt;/P&gt;\n
                                                  &lt;P&gt;Password:&lt;BR&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=\"password\" NAME=\"pass\"MAXLENGTH=\"25\" SIZE=\"12\"&gt;&lt;/P&gt;\n
                                                  &lt;INPUT TYPE=\"submit\" NAME=\"op\" VALUE=\"Login\"&gt;\n&lt;/FORM&gt;\n&lt;P&gt;&lt;A HREF=\"account.php\"&gt;
                                                  Register&lt;/A&gt; as new user.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF=\"account.php\"&gt;Forgot&lt;/A&gt; your password?&lt;/P&gt;
                                                  &lt;/CENTER&gt;";<br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="high">$theme-&gt;box("Login", $content);</span><br />
                                                  &nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
                                                  }</code></li>
              </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>


				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>drop.org : box theme</h2>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li><code>themes/Natrak/theme.class</code> <span class="highlight">Themes are PHP classes</span>
						  <code class="codeblock">
						  ######<br />
						  # Syntax.......: box($title, $body);<br />
						  # Description..: a function to draw a box/block.<br />
						  function box($subject, $content) {<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;include "config.inc";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;TABLE BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"3\" CELLSPACING=\"3\" WIDTH=\"100%\"&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD ALIGN=\"center\" BGCOLOR=\"$this-&gt;bgcolor1\" WIDTH=\"100%\"&gt;&lt;FONT COLOR=\"$this-&gt;fgcolor1\"&gt;&lt;B&gt;$subject&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD BGCOLOR=\"$this-&gt;bgcolor2\"&gt;$content&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;BR&gt;";<br />
						  }
						  </code></li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
						<h3>drop.org : box theme</h3>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li><code>themes/Natrak/theme.php</code> <span class="highlight">Just not only...</span>
						  <code class="codeblock">
						  function themebox($subject, $content) {<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;global $bgcolor1, $bgcolor2, $bgcolor3;<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;include "config.inc";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;TABLE BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"3\" CELLSPACING=\"3\" WIDTH=\"100%\"&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD ALIGN=\"center\" BGCOLOR=\"$bgcolor1\"&gt;&lt;FONT COLOR=\"$bgcolor2\"&gt;&lt;B&gt;$subject&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD BGCOLOR=\"$bgcolor2\"&gt;$content&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";<br />
						  &nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;BR&gt;";<br />
						  }</code></li>
						  <li><code>webboard.php</code> uses the function format, other controllers invoke the method format.</li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>drop.org – article page</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drop1-article-dries.png" alt="Article page" /></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					  <h2>drop.org – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>9.821 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>93350000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>90880000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>1018.24 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>9.821 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.982 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>9282.49 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>4.0</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>62</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>3.8</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>61</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>4.0</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>62</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>drop.org – default theme</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drop1-refer.png" alt="Theme example"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 1</h1>
					<p class="release-date">15/01/2001</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;" />
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 1.0</h2>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li><code>module</code>, <code>hook</code> and <code>weight</code> are born
						    <ul>
						      <li>Explicit hook naming
						        <code class="codeblock">$module = array("help" => "<span class="high">box</span>_help",<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"block" => "box_block",<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"admin" => "box_admin");</code></li>
                      				      <li>Hook registry, called <code>repository</code></li>
                      				      <li>7 hooks : <code>admin <span class="high">block</span> cron export help page user</code></li>
                      				    </ul>
                      				  </li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
						<h3>Drupal 1.0</h3>
						<ul class="left">
						  <li>Birth of the <code class="high">block</code> module
						    <ul>
						      <li>Separation : block vs custom block vs box</li>
						      <li>Birth of regions, <code>header</code> and <code>footer</code> remain separate.</li>
						      <li>User selection of optional blocks</li>
						    </ul>
                      				  </li>
						  <li>“Classical” Drupal file layout:
						    <ul>
						      <li><code>includes/</code>, <code>modules/</code>, <code>scripts/</code>, <code>themes/</code></li>
						      <li>New : <code>.htaccess</code> and <code>robots.txt</code></li>
                      				    </ul>
                      				  </li>
						</ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1 – block_help()</h2>
					        <blockquote class="quote-small">
						  <ul>
						    <li><b><span class="high">Blocks</span> are the <span class="high">boxes</span> visible in the side bars on the left and the right-hand side of the website.</b></li>
						    <li>They are either exported by the engine or by any of the available modules. […]</li>
						    <li>The placement of blocks is delegated to the administrator but for most blocks, i.e. those called “<span class="high">custom blocks</span>”, the sole force behind enabling and disabling them is the user itself.</li>
						    <li>An administrator can lay out and arrange the available blocks to fit in <span class="high">two regions: “left” and “right”</span>. Regions simply contain blocks. In addition, an administrator can assign each block (within a region) a <span class="high">weight</span> to sort them vertically. [...]</li>
						    <li>As mentioned above, blocks can be arranged to fit in two regions: left and right. For theme builders, each region is identified by a corresponding constant: “<span class="high">left</span>” and “<span class="high">right</span>”.</li>
						  </ul>
					        </blockquote>
					        <p class="right"><small>admin.php?mod=block&op=help</small></p>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 1 – block_help()</h3>
					        <blockquote class="quote-small">
						  <ul>
						    <li>[...] Simply put, boxes are small bits of text, HTML or PHP code which will get plugged into the site just like any other block. Boxes are typically used to add <span class="high">custom blocks</span> to the site.</li>
						    <li>Each box consists of a <span class="high">subject</span> and an associated block of text, HTML or PHP code which can be as long as you want it to be and that will “<span class="high">render</span>” the <span class="high">content</span> of the box.</li>
						  </ul>
					        </blockquote>
					        <p class="right"><small>admin.php?mod=block&op=help</small></p>
					        <p>... but <code>Theme::box()</code> still exists !</p>
				        </section>
				</section>


				<section>
				  <h2>Drupal 1 – page cycle</h2>
          <ul class="left">
            <li>No front controller, but <code>module.php?mod=..</code></li>
            <li>Controller
              <ul>
                <li>loads shared functions from <code>common.inc</code>
                  <ul>
                    <li>configuration: <code>getenv("HTTP_HOST") .".conf";</code></li>
                    <li>theme: <code>$theme = load_theme();</code></li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
                <li>defines its action functions</li>
                <li>if variants exist, <code>switch ($op)</code>
                  <ul>
                      <li>invoke action functions based on <code>$op</code></li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
                <li>action function
                  <ul>
                    <li>prepares its data</li>
                    <li>requests view build from the theme:
                      <ul>
                        <li><code>$theme->header();</code></li>
                        <li>multiple calls to <code>$theme->box()</code> on prepared data (account.php)
 – or less clean formatting... (search.php)</li>
                        <li><code>$theme->footer();</code></li>
                      </ul>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </li>
          </ul>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1 – block placement</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>The block admin UI offers a choice of 3 layouts:
					            <ul>
					              <li>Left + Content</li>
					              <li>Left + Content + Right</li>
					              <li>Content + Right</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Administrator decides which custom blocks to display in the <code>left</code> et <code>right</code> regions</li>
					          <li><code>Theme::header()</code> and <code>Theme::footer()</code> decide separately which blocks they will display in <code>header</code> and <code>footer</code>, which are not regions</li>
					          <li>Layouts are theme-independent</li>
					          <li>The blocks table does not keep per-theme info</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1 – block overview</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal1-block-overview.png" alt="Drupal 1 Block override"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1: block hook</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>A single block hook: <code>hook_block()</code> returns a hash of:
					            <ul>
					              <li>Subject: displayed title</li>
					              <li>Content: raw content, HTML, or PHP for <code>eval()</code></li>
					              <li>Info: administrative title</li>
					              <li>Link: URL, only displayed on the b.o.</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Used both for administration and display</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 1: block hook</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Example : box.module<br />
					          <code class="codeblock">function box_block() {<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;$result = db_query("SELECT * FROM boxes");<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;$i = 0;<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;while ($block = db_fetch_object($result)) {<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$blocks[$i]["subject"] = check_output($block->subject);<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$blocks[$i]["content"] = ($block->type == 2)
<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;? eval($block->content)<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;: check_output($block->content, ($block->type == 1) ? 0 : 1);<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$blocks[$i]["info"] = check_output($block->info);<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$blocks[$i]["link"] = check_output($block->link);<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$i++;<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;return $blocks;<br />
						        }</code>
						  </li>
						  </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1: box theme</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><code><b>themes/marvin/marvin.theme</b></code><br /><span class="highlight">Themes are still PHP classes, but not located in &lt;theme&gt;.theme</span><br />
					          <code class="codeblock">
					                function box($subject, $content) { ?><br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BGCOLOR="&lt;? echo $this->brcolor1; ?&gt;" WIDTH="100%"&gt;<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD&gt;&lt;?<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;TABLE BORDER=\"0\" CELLPADDING=\"3\" CELLSPACING=\"1\"
WIDTH=\"100%\"&gt;";<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD ALIGN=\"center\" BGCOLOR=\"$this-&gt;bgcolor1\"
NOWRAP&gt;&lt;FONT COLOR=\"$this-&gt;fgcolor1\"&gt;&lt;B><span class="high">$subject</span>&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";
<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print " &lt;TR&gt;&lt;TD BGCOLOR=\"$this-&gt;bgcolor2\"&gt;<span class="high">$content</span>&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;";<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print "&lt;/TABLE&gt;";<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;?&gt;<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;<br />
						        &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;?<br />
						        }</code>
						  </li>
					          <li>No longer any non-class theme functions</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>6.388 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>49950000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>45530000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>1565.36 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>6.388 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.639 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>7635.70 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.8</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>33</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.8</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>33</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.8</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>33</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 1 – <span class="lowercase">UnConeD</span> theme</h2>
					        <p class="theme-name"><span class="lowercase">UnConeD</span></p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal1-account-site.png" alt="Drupal 1 Block override"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 2</h1>
					<p class="release-date">15/03/2001 (2 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 2.0</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Filtering of <span class="high">box</span> content climbs from the “model” to the controller
					            <ul>
					              <li>Filtering of <span class="high">block</span> is still on the “model”</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li><span class="high">Block</span> <code>subject</code> is now translatable</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 2.0</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>No significant changes on block/box
					            <ul>
					              <li>File Layout: birth of <code>misc/</code></li>
					              <li>PHP “short tags” are dropped</li>
					              <li>First dash of blue: pre-Druplicon “drop” in UnConeD turns blue</li>
					              <li><code>Theme::abstract()</code> → <code>Theme::story()</code></li>
					              <li><code>class Story extends Node {...}</code></li>
					                <table class="new">
					                  <tr>
							    <th rowspan="3">Newborns</th>
							    <td>Locale</td>
							  </tr>
							  <tr>
							    <td>First update script, only SQL</td>
							  </tr>
							  <tr>
							    <td>CHANGELOG, CREDITS</td>
							  </tr>
							</table>
					                <table class="new">
							  <tr>
							    <th rowspan="2">Changes</th>
							    <td>Comment, section, user ratings, permissions</td>
							  </tr>
							  <tr>
							    <td>First optional module: submission</td>
							  </tr>
							</table>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 2 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>8.921 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>63570000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>59190000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>1120.93 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>8.921 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.892 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>6958.77 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>3.5</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>3.5</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>3.5</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 2 – <span class="lowercase">UnConeD</span> theme</h2>
					        <p class="theme-name"><span class="lowercase">UnConeD</span></p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal2-diary.png" alt="Drupal 1 Block override"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 3</h1>
					<p class="release-date">26/11/2001 (8 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 3.0.2</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><span class="high">Blocks</span> created by modules...
					            <ul>
					              <li>can now be disabled, optional, or required</li>
					              <li>...just like <span class="high">boxes</span></li>
					              <li>and appear in the regions preview</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>No significant changes for block/box
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="2">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Node, file, (page) cache, <code>form_*()</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Front: fluid themes: Goofy, Jeroen, Yaroon, raw: Stone Age</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr class="tr-first">
					                <th rowspan="5">Changes</th>
					                <td>Hooks : <code>global $repository</code> → <code>function_exists()</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Druplicon looking straight ahead replaces the drop</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Section → meta and introduces hierarchy</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Faq → book and introduces hierarchy</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>&lt;font&gt; HTML element: 74 → 14</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 3 – blocks configuration</h2>
					        <div class="illustration downer"><img src="images/drupal3-blocks-configure.png" alt="Drupal 3 Block configuration 1"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3 – blocks configuration</h3>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-blocks-preview.png" alt="Drupal 3 Block configuration 2"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3 – blocks configuration</h3>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-blocks-optional.png" alt="Drupal 3 Block configuration 3"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 3.0.2 – box theme</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Default theme:
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					              class Theme extends BaseTheme { /* ..snip.. */<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;function box($subject, $content, $region = "main") { ?&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TABLE&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TR&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TD&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;DIV ALIGN="center"&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;BIG&gt;&lt;? echo $subject; ?&gt;&lt;/BIG&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;HR&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TR&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TR&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;TD&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;?php echo $content; ?&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TD&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TR&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/TABLE&gt;<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;?php<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;} // close box function<br />
    					              }<br />
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3.0.2 – box theme</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And the base theme class...
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					              class BaseTheme {/<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;function links(...) {...}<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;function image($name) {}<br />
    					              &nbsp;&nbsp;function comment_controls(...) {}<br />
    					              }<br />
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 3 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>13.971 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>47793825 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>43413825 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>715.75 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>13.971 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>1.397 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>3340.65 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>4.6</td>
					      <td>13</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>4.6</td>
					      <td>13</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>4.6</td>
					      <td>13</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 3 – new themes</h2>
					        <p class="theme-name">Goofy</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-goofy.png" alt="Drupal 3 Goofy theme"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3 – new themes</h3>
					        <p class="theme-name">Jeroen</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-jeroen.png" alt="Drupal 3 Jeroen theme"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3 – new themes</h3>
					        <p class="theme-name">Stoneage</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-stoneage.png" alt="Drupal 3 Stoneage theme"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 3 – new themes</h3>
					        <p class="theme-name">Yaroon</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal3-yaroon.png" alt="Drupal 3 Yaroon theme"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 4</h1>
					<p class="release-date">08/12/2002 (12 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.0</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><span class="high">block</span>/<span class="high">box</span> admin merge, box module removed</li>
					          <li>Placement defined by <span class="high">block</span>, stores <code>region</code>/<code>weight</code>
					            <ul>
					              <li>Administrator-configured</li>
					              <li>Automatic fallback from nonexistent region (left/right) to the other one</li>
					              <li>Visibility defined by <span class="high">block</span>, path column (regex), vs themes/controllers</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Content is defined by <span class="high">box</span>, with a choice of ASCII / HTML / PHP format</li>
					          <li><code>BaseTheme::box()</code> provide a default <span class="high">box</span> theme implementation</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.0</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="3">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Default theme == Basic</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Node form switched to two columns, FO / BO forms differ</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>XML-RPC, Useful Inc. version</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr class="tr-first">
					                <th rowspan="6">Changes</th>
					                <td>Meta/section/category → taxonomy/vocabulary/term</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Input format per node, in the extra table for each content type</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Front page is customized with PHP <code>eval</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>More modules converted to generic module.php controller, but not all</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>DB API based on PEAR:DB, supports PostgreSQL, SQL dump includes update</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Withdrawn themes: Dries, Jeroen; Stone Age → example</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.0 – blocks admin/placement</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal4-block-admin.png" alt="Drupal 4 Block administration"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.0 – blocks admin/placement</h3>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal4-block-preview.png" alt="Drupal 4 Block preview"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.0 – node form FO Basic</h3>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal4-default.png" alt="Drupal 4 node form FO"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.0 – node form BO</h3>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal4-admin.png" alt="Drupal 4 node form BO"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>32.101 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>91560000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>87140000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>311.52 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>32.101 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>3.210 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>2785.42 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					      <td>11.6</td>
					      <td>31</td>
					      <td>225</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					      <td>11.5</td>
					      <td>30</td>
					      <td>222</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>9</td>
					      <td>32</td>
					      <td>11.6</td>
					      <td>31</td>
					      <td>225</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.1</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">25/06/2003 (6 months later) *</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Conditional <span class="high">blocks</span> build: only if used</li>
					          <li>Customizable blocks selection sorted by <code>module</code>/<code>delta</code>, not by name</li>
					          <li>Block <code>name</code> (alias <code>$block->info</code>) withdrawn, meaning...
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>blocks</code> table no longer has a PK, or even an index</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th>Newborns</th>
					                <td>Profile</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr class="tr-first">
					                <th rowspan="4">Changes</th>
					                <td>Markup refactoring in themes with more reusable elements: <code>theme_mark</code>, <code>theme_head</code>, <code>theme_item_list</code>, <code>theme_error</code>...</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
					        <p class="note">* CHANGELOG claims 15/02/2003, but commits say 25/06/2003</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.1 – user block sorting</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal41-block-user.png" alt="Drupal 4 Block sorting"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>


				<!-- BLOCK/THEME CODE SLIDE -->

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.1 – conditional build</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Block building in <code>theme_blocks</code> only appears if that have to be displayed: required, default and anonymous user, or user-selected, but only without a path or if patch matches
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            functiontheme_blocks($region,&$theme){<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;global $user, $PHP_SELF;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$result = db_query("SELECT * FROM blocks WHERE (status = '1' OR custom =
'1') ". ($region != "all" ? "AND region = '%s' " : "") ."ORDER BY weight, module", $region == "left" ? 0 : 1);<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;while ($result && ($block = db_fetch_object($result))) {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;( ($block->status && (!$user->uid || !$block->custom)) || ($block->custom && $user->block[$block->module][$block->delta]))
 <span class="high">&& (!$block->path || preg_match("|$block->path|", $PHP_SELF))</span><br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;){<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$block_data = module_invoke($block->module, "block", "view", $block->delta);<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if ($block_data["content"]) {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$theme->box($block_data["subject"], $block_data["content"], $region);<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.1 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>15.174 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>19590000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>15170000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>659.03 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>15.174 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>1.517 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>1260.79 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.9</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>70</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.9</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>70</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.9</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>70</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.2</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">04/10/2003 (4.5 months later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li><span class="high">hook_block($op)</span> <code>$op = list|view</code></li>
					          <li><span class="high">Block</span> <code>delta</code>: int → varchar(32)</li>
					          <li>Block preview : “Themes with (right|left)-sidebar only...”</li>
					          <li><code>t('messages from block.module code')</code></li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">BaseTheme::box()</span></code> receives filtered content, no longer filters it itself</li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">BaseTheme::block($subject, $content, $region = 'main')</span></code>
					            <ul>
					              <li>Simple wrapper for <code>BaseTheme::box()</code></li>
					              <li>Separate in Xtemplate, invoked by <code>theme_blocks()</code> instead of <code>theme('box')</code></li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.2</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="5">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Support for Microsoft SQL Server</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td><code>index.php</code> front controller for “normal” paths</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Xtemplate, engine and base theme</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td><code>theme()</code> replaces <code>theme_invoke()</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Only <code>system.module</code> uses <code>$theme->foo()</code>, others use <code>theme('foo')</code></td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="5">Changes</th>
					                <td>Clean URLs</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>WYSIWYG support (!)</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>BO now integrated in the overall UI</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Themes: Goofy withdrawn, blue becomes more prevalent, first CSS fields</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td><code>register_globals = On</code> no longer needed</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.2 – block admin</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal42-block-admin.png" alt="Drupal 4 Block admin page"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.2 – BaseTheme::box()</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Drupal 4.1
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            function box($subject, $content, $region = "main") {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output = "&lt;b&gt;"<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;. check_output($subject)<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;."&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;check_output($content)<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;."&lt;p /&gt;";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;print $output;<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					          <li>Drupal 4.2
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            function box($subject, $content, $region = "main") {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output = "<p><b>$subject</b><br />$content</p>";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;print $output;<br />
    					            }<br />
    					            function block($subject, $content, $region = "main") {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;global $theme;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$theme->box($subject, $content, $region);<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.2 – XTemplate</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal42-user.png" alt="Drupal 4 XTemplate"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.2 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>22.128 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>41080000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>36510000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>451.92 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>22.128 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>2.213 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>1812.97 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>7.6</td>
					      <td>21</td>
					      <td>154</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>7.6</td>
					      <td>21</td>
					      <td>154</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>7.6</td>
					      <td>21</td>
					      <td>154</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.3.x</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">01/11/2003 (4 weeks later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li>UX: <code>admin/block</code> → <code>admin/system/block</code></li>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>Minor releases 4.3.0, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.x unreleased HEAD until 02/2004</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="2">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Alias</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>DB prefixing using {}</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="2">Changes</th>
					                <td>User object simplified</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Some controller actions start using <code>return</code> instead of <code>print</code></td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.3.x – Nothing</h3>
					        <p>That's all for 4.3!</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.3 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>15.036 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>39170000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>34600000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>6665.0659 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>15.036 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>1.504 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>2543.97 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.5</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.5</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>15</td>
					      <td>4.5</td>
					      <td>14</td>
					      <td>44</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.4.x</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">01/04/2004 (2 months later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li><code><span class="high">theme_blocks()</span></code> delegates...
					            <ul>
					              <li>listing blocks to <code><span class="high">block_list()</span></code> instead of performing the request itself</li>
					              <li>rendering to <code><span class="high">theme_block('view')</span></code> instead of invoking <code>hook_block('view')</code></li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">theme('box')</span></code> no longer implemented except in <code>theme.inc</code> and Xtemplate</li>
					          <li>The lack of a PK on blocks is documented as “(bad)!”</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
				          <h3>Drupal 4.4.x</h3>
				          <ul>
				            <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="3">Performance</th>
					                <td>Generic throttling with <code>throttle.module</code>: deactivation of modules or invididual functions</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Cached pages load less modules</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Locale only caches data below a size limit</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th>Newborns</th>
					                <td>Pushbutton</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="2">Changes</th>
					                <td>Uniform use of <code>theme()</code>, theme_* functions and use of <code>return</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Marvin → Chameleon + subtheme</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="3">Removals</th>
					                <td>Theme classes</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Microsoft SQL Server support</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Goofy</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					    </li>
				          </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.4 – theme_blocks()</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Drupal 4.3
					            <ul>
					              <li>cf Drupal 4.1: <code>db_query()</code> + complex test</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Drupal 4.4
					            <ul>
					              <li>delegates to <code>block_list()</code>, <code>theme_block()</code></li>
					            </ul>
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            function theme_blocks($region) {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output = '';<br />
    					            <br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;if ($list = module_invoke('block', 'list', $region)){<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreach ($list as $key => $block) {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// $key == &lt;i&gt;module&lt;/i&gt;_&lt;i&gt;delta&lt;/i&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$output .= theme('block', $block);<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;return $output;<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.4 – theme_block()</h3>
    					            <code class="codeblock left">
    					            function theme_block($block) {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output = "&lt;div class=\"block block-$block->module\"
id=\"block-$block->module-$block->delta\"&gt;\n";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output .= " &lt;h2 class=\"title\"&gt;$block->subject&lt;/h2&gt;\n";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output .= " &lt;div class=\"content\"&gt;$block-
>content&lt;/div&gt;\n";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;$output .= "&lt;/div&gt;\n";<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;return $output;<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.4 – Chameleon theme</h2>
					        <p class="theme-name">Chameleon</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal44-block-preview.png" alt="Drupal 4 Chameleon theme"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.4 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>20.207 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>34080000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>29510000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>494.87 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>20.207 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>2.021 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>1646.99 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>13</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>7</td>
					      <td>20</td>
					      <td>11.5</td>
					      <td>19</td>
					      <td>445</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>7</td>
					      <td>20</td>
					      <td>11.4</td>
					      <td>19</td>
					      <td>434</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>7</td>
					      <td>20</td>
					      <td>11.5</td>
					      <td>19</td>
					      <td>446</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.5</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">18/10/2004 (6 months later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li>New blocks provided by comment, taxonomy</li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">theme_(block|blocks|box)</span></code>: no changes</li>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>New menu system with caching, <code>hook_menu($may_cache)</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>Multiple roles per user</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th>Newborns</th>
					                <td>Bluemarine</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="3">Changes</th>
					                <td>SQL: multiple connections, PostgreSQL no longer PEAR:DB</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Themes: refactoring engines, templates and styles, settings and screenshots; XTemplate and Pure themes withdrawn; XTemplate engine remains</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>i18n: 100 % UI</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.5 – Marvin</h2>
					        <p class="theme-name">Marvin</p>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal45-block-admin.png" alt="Drupal 4 Marvin theme"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.5 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>28.487 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>60070000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>54620000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>351.03 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>28.487 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>2.849 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>2059.24 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>28</td>
					      <td>7.5</td>
					      <td>27</td>
					      <td>195</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>28</td>
					      <td>7.5</td>
					      <td>27</td>
					      <td>195</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>8</td>
					      <td>28</td>
					      <td>7.5</td>
					      <td>28</td>
					      <td>195</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.6</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">15/04/2005 (6 months later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li>New <span class="high">block</span> settings:
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>visibility</code>
					                <ul>
					                  <li>Previously: everywhere or if matches regex</li>
					                  <li>4.6: on.. or except_on.. (but no PHP yet)</li>
					                  <li>Paths criteria decode aliases before being applied</li>
					                </ul></li>
					              <li><code>types</code>
					                <ul>
					                  <li>On all node types or only on these...</li>
					                </ul></li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>New <code>hook_block() $op</code> values: <code>configure</code>, <code>save</code></li>
					          <li><code>theme_(block|blocks|box)</code> unchanged</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.6</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <td>Supports PHP 5, UTF-8 everywhere</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Home: 92ms without the page cache, 19ms with it...</td>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Contact, ImageAPI</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="">Changes</th>
					                <td>First UX refactorings</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="2">Removals</th>
					                <td>Admin controller <code>admin.php</code></td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>PEAR:DB abstraction></td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.6 – Block configuration</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal46-block-configure.png" alt="Drupal 4.6 Block configuration"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.6 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>18.530 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>920361989 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>916920711 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>539.67 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>18.530 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>1.853 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>48505.27 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>11</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>18</td>
					      <td>8.3</td>
					      <td>17</td>
					      <td>199</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>13</td>
					      <td>6.4</td>
					      <td>12</td>
					      <td>160</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>18</td>
					      <td>8.3</td>
					      <td>17</td>
					      <td>199</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.7</h2>
					        <p class="release-date">01/05/2006 (11 months later)</p>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Placement: <span class="high">blocks</span> are now configured as placed in theme custom regions</li>
					          <li>In core, regions are named, not numbered</li>
					          <li>PHP visibility for blocks in addition to paths/types</li>
					          <li>Input formats on <span class="high">box</span></li>
					          <li><code>theme_(block|blocks|box)</code> unchanged</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 4.7</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="4">Newborns</th>
					                <td>PHPTemplate, replacing Xtemplate</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Maintenance mode</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>JS: AJAX, collapse effect, textarea resize...</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Form API: arrays of arrays of arrays...</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="8">Changes</th>
					                <td>“Loose caching” for pages, variables cache, data caching in modules (archive)</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Taxonomy: free tagging, global contact form</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Bluemarine and Pushbutton converted to PHPTemplate</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Content moderation withdrawn</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Upgrade path can be extended by modules</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>XML-RPC new version</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>SQL: PostgreSQL stored procedures removed</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Queue module withdrawn (moderation, not queueing)</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.7 – block templates</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>Bluemarine 4.6 XTemplate
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            &lt;!-- BEGIN: block --&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;div class="block block-{module}" id="block-{module}-{delta}"&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;h2 class="title"&gt;{title}&lt;/h2&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;div class="content"&gt;{content}&lt;/div&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;<br />
    					            &lt;!-- END: block --&gt;
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					          <li>Bluemarine 4.7 PHPTemplate
    					            <code class="codeblock">
    					            &lt;div class="&lt;?php print "block block-$block-&gt;module" ?&gt;" id="&lt;?php<br />
    					            print "block-$block-&gt;module-$block-&gt;delta"; ?&gt;"&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;?php print $block-&gt;subject ?&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;div class="content"&gt;&lt;?php print $block-&gt;content ?&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br />
    					            &lt;/div&gt;
    					            </code>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 4.7 – custom blocks</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal47-box.png" alt="Drupal 4 Custom block page"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 4.7 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>10.249 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>53820228 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>48630000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>975.74 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>10.249 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>1.025 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>5128.37 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>82</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>82</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>3</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>84</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 5</h1>
					<p class="release-date">15/01/2007 (8 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 5.0</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><span class="high">Block</span> visibility by role</li>
					          <li><code>hook_block('view')</code> may not return a title, it uses the one <code>from
block_list()</code>, passing it to <code>check_plain()</code></li>
					          <li><code>theme_(block|blocks|box)</code> unchanged</li>
					          <li>Blocks preview merged into the blocks admin form</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 5.0</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="5">Newborns</th>
					                <td>Localized installer replaces dump loading</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Install profiles</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td><code>.info</code> files for modules, dependencies</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>jQuery 1.0.4</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Themes: Garland, Minelli, color.module, admin theme concept, module CSS</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="6">Changes</th>
					                <td>Performance: sessions (in Memcached), node_access, fast404, aggressive page cache</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>52 ms no cache, 7 ms normal cache, 5 ms aggressive cache</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>File layout: 1 directory per core module, <code>sites/all</code> introduced</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Cache plugins, multiple cache bins</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Status page, mail altering, uninstallable modules, bulk operations on users/nodes</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>PHPTemplate override</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 5 – block admin + preview</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal5-block-preview.png" alt="Drupal 5 Block preview"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 5 – per-role visibility</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal5-block-configure.png" alt="Drupal 5 Block visibility"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 5.0 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>5.523 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>47180102 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>41720000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>1810.69 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>5.523 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.552 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>8342.63 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>110</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>110</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>3.6</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>111</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 6</h1>
					<p class="release-date">13/02/2008 (13 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 6.0</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><span class="high">Block</span> cache</li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">theme_block()</span></code> → <code>modules/system/<span class="high">block.tpl.php</span></code></li>
					          <li><code><span class="high">theme_(box|blocks)</span></code> unchanged, <code><span class="high">box.tpl.php</span></code> still exists</li>
					          <li>Per-page <span class="high">block</span> visibility refactored to <code><span class="high">drupal_match_path()</span></code></li>
					          <li><span class="high">{blocks}</span> surrogate PK on <code>bid</code>, unique index on <code>module/delta/theme</code></li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 6.0</h3>
					        <ul>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="">Newborns</th>
					                <td><code>hook_watchdog</code>, syslog</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th rowspan="7">Changes</th>
					                <td>47 ms no cache, 46 ms block cache, 6.5 ms normal cache, 5.9 ms aggressive page cache</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Performance: single pass <code>hook_menu()</code> (without <code>$may_cache</code>); SQL: schema API, needs less privileges on DB (temporary, lock tables); files split, .admin.inc, JS aggregator, reverse proxy support</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Quality: E_ALL, UX, core = 6.x, batch API, HTML Corrector</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Deployment: scripts/drupal.sh (think Drush)</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Security: php.module, weak password check, OpenID, update</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>Themes: .info, templates no longer need a matching function, preprocess hooks, jQuery 1.2.3</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <td>i18n: RTL, language detection, content translation, alias, JS UI</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 6.0 – block cache</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal6-block-cache.png" alt="Drupal 6 Block cache"></div>
				        </section>
				        <section>
						<h3>Drupal 6.0 – block cache</h3>
					        <div class="illustration downer"><img src="images/drupal6-no-block-cache.png" alt="Drupal 6 Block cache"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 6 – cache + block throttling</h2>
					        <code class="codeblock left" style="font-size: 0.5em;">
    					        if ($block->enabled && $block->page_match) {<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;// Check the current throttle status and see if block should be displayed<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;// based on server load.<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;if (!($block->throttle && (module_invoke('throttle', 'status') > 0))) {<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Try fetching the block from cache. Block caching is not compatible with<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// node_access modules. We also preserve the submission of forms in blocks,<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// by fetching from cache only if the request method is 'GET'.<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (!count(module_implements('node_grants'))<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&& $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&& ($cid = _block_get_cache_id($block))<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&& ($cache = cache_get($cid, 'cache_block'))) {<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$array = $cache->data;<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;else {<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$array = module_invoke($block->module, 'block', 'view', $block->delta);<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (isset($cid)) {<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cache_set($cid, $array, 'cache_block', CACHE_TEMPORARY);<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
    					        &nbsp;&nbsp;} /* ... snip ... */<br />
    					        }
    					        </code>
    					        <p class="left"><span class="highlight">Q1: Why?</span><span class="highlight">Q2: What's in a cid?</span></p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 6.0 – cache rules</h2>
					        <code class="codeblock left two-columns-left" style="font-size: 0.5em;">
					        &nbsp;* The block cache is cleared in <br />
					        &nbsp;* cache_clear_all(), and uses the same <br />
					        &nbsp;* clearing policy than page cache <br />
					        &nbsp;* (node, comment, user, taxonomy added <br />
					        &nbsp;* or updated...). Blocks requiring more <br />
					        &nbsp;* fine-grained clearing might consider <br />
					        &nbsp;* disabling the built-in block cache <br />
					        &nbsp;* (BLOCK_NO_CACHE) and <b>roll their own</b>.<br />
					        &nbsp;*<br />
					        &nbsp;* <b>user 1 is excluded from block <br />
					        &nbsp;* caching.</b> */<br />
					        <br />
					        /* This setting should be used:<br />
    					        &nbsp;* - for <b>simple blocks</b> (notably those <br />
					        &nbsp;* that do
not perform any db query), <br />
					        &nbsp;* where <span class="high">querying the db cache would be <br />
					        &nbsp;* more expensive than directly <br />
					        &nbsp;* generating the content</span>.<br />
    					        &nbsp;* - for blocks that change too <br />
					        &nbsp;* frequently.<br />
    					        &nbsp;*/<br />
    					        define('BLOCK_NO_CACHE', -1);<br />
    					        </code>
					        <code class="codeblock left two-columns-right" style="font-size: 0.5em;">
    					        /* This is the default setting, used when the block does not specify anything. */<br />
    					        define('BLOCK_CACHE_PER_ROLE', 0x0001);<br />
    					        <br />
    					        /* The block can change depending on the user viewing the page. <b>Can be resource-consuming</b> for sites with many users */<br />
    					        define('BLOCK_CACHE_PER_USER', 0x0002);<br />
    					        <br />
    					        /* The block can change depending on the page being viewed. */<br />
    					        define('BLOCK_CACHE_PER_PAGE', 0x0004);<br />
    					        <br />
    					        /* The block is the same for every user on every page where it is visible. */<br />
    					        define('BLOCK_CACHE_GLOBAL', 0x0008);
    					        <br />
    					        </code>
    					        <p class="left two-columns-right" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><span class="highlight" style="margin-left: 0;">Q: Which advice is lacking?</span></p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 6.0 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>4.690 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>3230000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>0 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>2132.20 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>4.690 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.469 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>672.56 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>50</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>50</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					      <td>5</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					      <td>51</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 7</h1>
					<p class="release-date">05/01/2011 (35 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;" />
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 7.0</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><code>hook_block($op) → hook_block_(info|configure|save|view)</code></li>
					          <li><code>hook_block_(info|list|view[_MODULE_DELTA])_alter</code></li>
					          <li><code>block['content']</code> render array => cache cid without theme/language</li>
					          <li><code>block_custom.body</code> translatable</li>
					          <li><code>block_custom.format</code> int → varchar(255)</li>
					          <li><code>block.api.php</code>, <code>block.test</code>, <code>block.js</code> (vertical tabs, d'n'd)</li>
					          <li><code>block_theme()</code> declares <code>block</code>, not just <code>block_admin_display_form</code></li>
					          <li><code>BLOCK_CACHE_*</code> → <code>DRUPAL_CACHE_*</code></li>
					          <li><code>{blocks}</code> → <code>{block}</code>, <code>{boxes}</code> → {block_custom}</code></code></li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 7.0</h3>
				          <ul>
					          <li>Permissions:
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>- use PHP for block visibility</code></li>
					              <li><code>+ administer blocks</code></li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>UI:
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>block</code> integration with <code>contextual</code>, vertical tabs, local actions</li>
					              <li>Generic regions: <span class="high">block</span> placement in <code>content</code>, <code>help</code>...</li>
					              <li>Main content → block dans <code>content</code>, site mission → block dans <code>highlighted</code>, <code>footer</code> → <code>block</code> dans <code>footer</code></li>
					              <li>Regions preview again separated from block admin, without the blocks themselves</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
				          </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 7.0</h3>
				          <ul>
					          <li>Theme:
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>theme_box()</code> RIP – <span class="high">box concept removed</span></li>
					              <li>Block template suggestions</li>
					              <li>Process</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li><code>(block).throttle</code> RIP</li>
					          <li><code>block_list()</code> replaces join + <code>db_rewrite_sql()</code> by <code>_block_load_blocks()</code> + <code>block_block_list_alter()</code></li>
					          <li>Visibility:
					            <ul>
					              <li>Invalidates inconsistent visibility, like no page allows (positif/negative)</li>
					              <li>PHP: <code>module_exists('php')</code></li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
				          </ul>
				        </section>
				        <section>
					        <h3>Drupal 7.0</h3>
				          <ul>
					          <li><code>hook_modules_uninstalled()</code> enables block to clean blocks created by other modules</li>
					          <li>Alternative: <code>drupal_set_content</code> → <code>drupal_add_region_content</code></li>
					          <li>And elsewhere...
					            <table class="new">
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>Entity API, Field API, EFQ, DBTNG, render arrays</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>More caches and one-off plugins</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>i18n: field translation</td>
					              </tr>
					              <tr>
					                <th></th>
					                <td>Theme: Bartik, Corolla, Seven; return of the raw theme: Stark</td>
					              </tr>
					            </table>
					          </li>
				          </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 7 – block preview</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal7-preview.png" alt="Drupal 7 Block preview"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 7.0 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>6.223 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>63250000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>58260000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>1606.99 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>6.223 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>0.622 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>9926.00 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.1</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>4</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>29</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>29</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>2</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>2.3</td>
					      <td>6</td>
					      <td>29</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h1 class="chapter">Drupal 8</h1>
					<p class="release-date">02/2014? (37 months later)</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;">
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 8.0</h2>
					        <ul class="left two-columns-left" style="width: 35%;">
					          <li>Assetic</li>
					          <li>Composer</li>
					          <li>Doctrine: annotations</li>
					          <li>EasyRDF</li>
					          <li>Guzzle</li>
					          <li>PHPUnit</li>
					          <li>PSR/3</li>
					        </ul>
					        <ul class="left two-columns-right" style="width: 55%;">
					          <li>Symfony 2</li>
					          <li>Symfony CMF: routing (chain router)</li>
					          <li>Twig</li>
					          <li>Zend Framework 2: escaper, feed, stdlib</li>
					          <li>Plus some Drupal to wrap it up... ;-)</li>
					        </ul>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 8 – just the basics...</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li><code>hook_block_info()</code> → Doctrine annotation on the block class</li>
					          <li><code>hook_block_view()</code> → <code>BlockPluginInterface::build()</code></li>
					          <li><code>hook_block_configure()</code> → <code>BlockPluginInterface::blockForm()</code></li>
					          <li><code>hook_block_save()</code> → <code>BlockPluginInterface::blockSubmit()</code></li>
					          <li>New methods:
					            <ul>
					              <li><code>BlockPluginInterface::access()</code>: block visibility</li>
					              <li><code>BlockPluginInterface::settings()</code>: default configuration <br>(à la Views <code>option_definition</code>)</li>
					              <li><code>BlockPluginInterface::validate()</code>: validation before submit</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Derivative blocks</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 8 – block "online users"</h2>
					        <code class="codeblock left two-columns-left"  style="width: 38.5%; font-size: 0.42em;">
    					            &lt;?php<br />
    					            /**<br />
    					            &nbsp;* @file<br />
    					            &nbsp;* Contains \Drupal\user\Plugin\Block<br />&nbsp;* \UserOnlineBlock.<br />
    					            &nbsp;*/<br />
    					            <br />
    					            namespace Drupal\user\Plugin\Block;<br />
    					            <br />
    					            use Drupal\block\BlockBase;<br />
    					            use Drupal\Component\Annotation\Plugin;<br />
    					            use Drupal\Core\Annotation\Translation;<br />
    					            <br />
    					            /**<br />
    					            &nbsp;* Provides a "Who's online" block.<br />
    					            &nbsp;*<br />
    					            &nbsp;* @Plugin(<br />
    					            &nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;id = "user_online_block",<br />
    					            &nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;admin_label = @Translation("Who's <br />
    					            &nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;online"),<br />
    					            &nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;module = "user"<br />
    					            &nbsp;* )<br />
    					            &nbsp;*/<br />
					        </code>
					        <code class="codeblock left two-columns-right" style="width: 56.5%; font-size: 0.42em;">
 						    class UserOnlineBlock extends BlockBase {<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;//** Overrides \Drupal\block\BlockBase::settings().<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;public function settings() { /* ... */ }<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;//** Overrides \Drupal\block\BlockBase::access().<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;public function access() { /* ... */ }<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;//** Overrides \Drupal\block\BlockBase::blockForm().<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;public function blockForm($form, &$form_state) <br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;{ /* ... */ }<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;//** Overrides \Drupal\block\BlockBase::blockSubmit().<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;public function blockSubmit($form, &$form_state) <br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;{ /* ... */ }<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;/**<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;* {@inheritdoc}<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*/<br />
    					            &nbsp;&nbsp;public function build() { }<br />
    					            }
    					            </code>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 8.0 – Block statistics</h2>
					        <table class="compare-table six">
					        <thead>
					          <tr>
					            <th>Drupal 6</th>
					            <td>PHP</td>
					            <td>JavaScript</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					        </thead>
					        <tbody>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>3 files</td>
					            <td>1 file</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>329 comment lines</td>
					            <td>20 comment lines</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>651 code lines</td>
					            <td>65 code lines</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					        </tbody>
					        </table>

					        <table class="compare-table seven">
					        <thead>
					          <tr>
					            <th>Drupal 7</th>
					            <td>PHP</td>
					            <td>JavaScript</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					        </thead>
					        <tbody>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>8 files</td>
					            <td>1 file</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>1148 comment lines</td>
					            <td>31 comment lines</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>1746 code lines</td>
					            <td>105 code lines</td>
					            <td></td>
					          </tr>
					        </tbody>
					        </table>

					        <table class="compare-table eight">
					        <thead>
					          <tr>
					            <th>Drupal 8</th>
					            <td>PHP</td>
					            <td>JavaScript</td>
					            <td>YAML</td>
					          </tr>
					        </thead>
					        <tbody>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>85 files</td>
					            <td>3 files</td>
					            <td>17 files</td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>3443 comment lines</td>
					            <td>66 comment lines</td>
					            <td>2 comment lines</td>
					          </tr>
					          <tr>
					            <th></th>
					            <td>5089 code lines</td>
					            <td>170 code lines</td>
					            <td>428 data lines</td>
					          </tr>
					        </tbody>
					        </table>
					        <p class="left"><span class="highlight" style="margin-left: 0;">Drupal 3 = 5622 PHP LoC</span></p>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>Drupal 8 – UI</h2>
					        <ul>
					          <li>New administration UI:
					            <ul>
					              <li>No kilometer-high list of unused blocks</li>
					              <li>Add block page for new blocks
							<ul>
							  <li>Optionally filtered by module</li>
							  <li>With search form</li>
							</ul>
							</li>
					            </ul>
					          </li>
					          <li>Simplified configuration form</li>
					        </ul>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 8 – block admin</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal8-placement.png" alt="Drupal 8 Block administration page"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
						<h2>Drupal 8 – block add</h2>
					        <div class="illustration"><img src="images/drupal8-add.png" alt="Drupal 8 Block administration page"></div>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
          <section>
            <h3>Drupal 8.0 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h3>
            <p>Default classloader</p>
            <code class="left ab">
              <table>
                <tr>
                  <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
                  <td>10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
                  <td>46.494 seconds</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Complete requests:</td>
                  <td>10000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total transferred:</td>
                  <td>85030000 bytes</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HTML transferred:</td>
                  <td>80260000 bytes</td>
                </tr>
                <tr class="high">
                  <td>Requests per second:</td>
                  <td>215.08 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr class="high">
                  <td>Time per request:</td>
                  <td>46.494 [ms] (mean)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr class="high">
                  <td>Time per request:</td>
                  <td>4.649 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Transfer rate:</td>
                  <td>1785.98 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
                </tr>
              </table>

              <table>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&nbsp;</td>
                  <td>min&nbsp;</td>
                  <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
                  <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
                  <td>median&nbsp;</td>
                  <td>max&nbsp;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Connect:</td>
                  <td>0</td>
                  <td>0</td>
                  <td>0.0</td>
                  <td>0</td>
                  <td>3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Processing:</td>
                  <td>14</td>
                  <td>46</td>
                  <td>14.9</td>
                  <td>45</td>
                  <td>276</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Waiting:</td>
                  <td>14</td>
                  <td>46</td>
                  <td>14.9</td>
                  <td>45</td>
                  <td>276</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total:</td>
                  <td>14</td>
                  <td>46</td>
                  <td>14.9</td>
                  <td>45</td>
                  <td>276</td>
                </tr>
              </table>
            </code>
          </section>
				  <section>
            <h2>Drupal 8.0 – ab -n10000 -c10 (home)</h2>
            <p>APC classloader</p>
					  <code class="left ab">
					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Concurrency Level:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Time taken for tests:</td>
					      <td>40.986 seconds</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Complete requests:</td>
					      <td>10000</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total transferred:</td>
					      <td>85030000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>HTML transferred:</td>
					      <td>80260000 bytes</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Requests per second:</td>
					      <td>273.78 [#/sec] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>36.526 [ms] (mean)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr class="high">
					      <td>Time per request:</td>
					      <td>3.653 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Transfer rate:</td>
					      <td>2273.40 [Kbytes/sec] received</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>

					  <table>
					    <tr>
					      <td colspan="2">Connection Times (ms)</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>min&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>mean&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>[+/-sd]&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>median&nbsp;</td>
					      <td>max&nbsp;</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Connect:</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>0.0</td>
					      <td>0</td>
					      <td>1</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Processing:</td>
					      <td>11</td>
					      <td>36</td>
					      <td>10.6</td>
					      <td>35</td>
					      <td>99</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Waiting:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>36</td>
					      <td>10.6</td>
					      <td>35</td>
					      <td>99</td>
					    </tr>
					    <tr>
					      <td>Total:</td>
					      <td>10</td>
					      <td>36</td>
					      <td>10.6</td>
					      <td>35</td>
					      <td>99</td>
					    </tr>
					  </table>
					  </code>
	        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
				        <section>
					        <h2>ms/&lt;anonymous home&gt;</h2>
					        <div class="diagramme"><img src="images/ms-anonymous-home-13I24.png" alt="Drupal"></div>
					        <p class="caption">PHP 5.3.10, MySQL 5.5, APC 3.1.9, aggressive Cache, D8 APC Classloader</p>
				        </section>
				        <section class="full">
					        <div class="diagramme-full"><img src="images/ms-anonymous-home-13I24.png" alt="Drupal"></div>
					        <p class="caption">PHP 5.3.10, MySQL 5.5, APC 3.1.9, aggressive Cache, D8 APC Classloader</p>
				        </section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<img src="osinet.png"  class="cover-img" style="height: 150px;" />
					<div class="cover-osi">
					<h3>Thank you!</h3>
					<p>Any questions?</p>
					<img src="images/druplicon-glow.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 200px;" />
					</div>
				</section>

				<section>
					<img src="osinet.png"  class="cover-img" style="height: 150px;" />

					<h3 class="people blue" style="text-align: center;">Come and say hello!</h3>

					<table class="people">
					  <tr class="blue">
					    <td>Frédéric G. Marand (<a href="http://drupal.org/user/27985">fgm</a>)</td>
					    <td class="td-middle">Outi Munter (<a href="http://drupal.org/user/1629998">Outi</a>)</td>
					    <td>Brigitte Taïeb (<a href="https://drupal.org/user/2255702">brigtai</a>)</td>
					  </tr>
					  <tr>
					    <td><img src="images/fgm-dublin.jpg"  class="cover-img"></td>
					    <td class="td-middle"><img src="images/outi-2.jpg"  class="cover-img"></td>
					    <td><img src="images/brigitte.jpg"  class="cover-img"></td>
					  </tr>
					  <tr style="font-size: 0.78em; opacity: 0.8;">
					    <td>Let's take a look at your code!</td>
					    <td class="td-middle">I design and theme for you.</td>
					    <td>I can talk business.</td>
					  </tr>
					</table>

					<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.osinet.fr" class="highlight" style="color: white; font-size: 1.05em; margin-left: 0;">www.osinet.fr</a></p>

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				<section data-background="images/background-prague.png">
				  <img src="images/logo-prague.png" class="cover-img" style="height: 150px; margin-bottom: 2em;">
				  <p class="custom inverse">WHAT DID YOU THINK?</p>
				  <p class="custom inverse">Locate this session at the DrupalCon Prague website:</p>
				  <p class="custom inverse"><a href="http://prague2013.drupal.org/session/blocks-drop.org-drupal-8-and-beyond">http://prague2013.drupal.org/session/blocks-drop.org-drupal-8-and-beyond</a></p>
				  <p class="custom inverse">Click the "Take the survey" link</p>
				  <p class="custom inverse">THANK YOU!</p>
				</section>


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			<div class="footer"><img src="osinet.png" alt="logo" class="logo" height="70"><span class="footnote">The Drupal blocks system from drop.org to Drupal 8 / © 2013 OSInet / Licence CC-BY-SA 2.0 France</span></div>

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