ORM: joining related records to reduce the query number.

composer.lock

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                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/routing/zipball/972810def5cae044d19195045f7eb418141bf37b",
-                "reference": "972810def5cae044d19195045f7eb418141bf37b",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/routing/zipball/a34b58ed26cc090f99b2ef833d609a6884581b3c",
+                "reference": "a34b58ed26cc090f99b2ef833d609a6884581b3c",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -2847,20 +2847,20 @@
                 "uri",
                 "url"
             ],
-            "time": "2017-12-14T22:39:22+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-04T15:52:56+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/security",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/security.git",
-                "reference": "6ff0f1e97f583583c10152e4050e8a4fac2cfd1e"
+                "reference": "dfc0ef20a75b723ab2f20449a7b5dd768800c9e2"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/security/zipball/6ff0f1e97f583583c10152e4050e8a4fac2cfd1e",
-                "reference": "6ff0f1e97f583583c10152e4050e8a4fac2cfd1e",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/security/zipball/dfc0ef20a75b723ab2f20449a7b5dd768800c9e2",
+                "reference": "dfc0ef20a75b723ab2f20449a7b5dd768800c9e2",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -2924,20 +2924,20 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony Security Component",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-14T19:48:22+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T17:15:19+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/twig-bridge",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/twig-bridge.git",
-                "reference": "aeb221936ad39c579b7e002dfd4e7544a5d666f6"
+                "reference": "92b7c3f30fc8d23ac4be8da4e575a3bb7ea903c1"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/twig-bridge/zipball/aeb221936ad39c579b7e002dfd4e7544a5d666f6",
-                "reference": "aeb221936ad39c579b7e002dfd4e7544a5d666f6",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/twig-bridge/zipball/92b7c3f30fc8d23ac4be8da4e575a3bb7ea903c1",
+                "reference": "92b7c3f30fc8d23ac4be8da4e575a3bb7ea903c1",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -3014,20 +3014,20 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony Twig Bridge",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-12T08:41:51+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T17:15:19+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/twig-bundle",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/twig-bundle.git",
-                "reference": "77381f8b99b319dc83e609c66942eb3a0a5b066d"
+                "reference": "7c1ee541f7d8836d901d989c449746c953be930b"
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             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/twig-bundle/zipball/77381f8b99b319dc83e609c66942eb3a0a5b066d",
-                "reference": "77381f8b99b319dc83e609c66942eb3a0a5b066d",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/twig-bundle/zipball/7c1ee541f7d8836d901d989c449746c953be930b",
+                "reference": "7c1ee541f7d8836d901d989c449746c953be930b",
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             },
             "require": {
@@ -3035,7 +3035,7 @@
                 "symfony/config": "~3.4|~4.0",
                 "symfony/http-foundation": "~3.4|~4.0",
                 "symfony/http-kernel": "~3.4|~4.0",
-                "symfony/twig-bridge": "~3.4|~4.0",
+                "symfony/twig-bridge": "^3.4.3|^4.0.3",
                 "twig/twig": "~1.34|~2.4"
             },
             "conflict": {
@@ -3087,20 +3087,20 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony TwigBundle",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-04T12:31:58+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-04T15:52:56+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/web-server-bundle",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/web-server-bundle.git",
-                "reference": "bd56cde308dc2b9d2aa6506ee740c0c3853aeb2f"
+                "reference": "20ad52df8164d2eae029e6bb24356956c52380be"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/web-server-bundle/zipball/bd56cde308dc2b9d2aa6506ee740c0c3853aeb2f",
-                "reference": "bd56cde308dc2b9d2aa6506ee740c0c3853aeb2f",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/web-server-bundle/zipball/20ad52df8164d2eae029e6bb24356956c52380be",
+                "reference": "20ad52df8164d2eae029e6bb24356956c52380be",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -3109,7 +3109,7 @@
                 "symfony/console": "~3.4|~4.0",
                 "symfony/dependency-injection": "~3.4|~4.0",
                 "symfony/http-kernel": "~3.4|~4.0",
-                "symfony/process": "~3.4|~4.0"
+                "symfony/process": "^3.4.2|^4.0.2"
             },
             "suggest": {
                 "symfony/expression-language": "For using the filter option of the log server.",
@@ -3145,20 +3145,20 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony WebServerBundle",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-12T08:41:51+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T17:15:19+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/yaml",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/yaml.git",
-                "reference": "a5ee52d155f06ad23b19eb63c31228ff56ad1116"
+                "reference": "b84f646b9490d2101e2c25ddeec77ceefbda2eee"
             },
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                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/yaml/zipball/a5ee52d155f06ad23b19eb63c31228ff56ad1116",
-                "reference": "a5ee52d155f06ad23b19eb63c31228ff56ad1116",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/yaml/zipball/b84f646b9490d2101e2c25ddeec77ceefbda2eee",
+                "reference": "b84f646b9490d2101e2c25ddeec77ceefbda2eee",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -3203,7 +3203,7 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony Yaml Component",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-12T08:41:51+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T07:38:00+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "twig/twig",
@@ -4077,16 +4077,16 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "phpunit/phpunit-mock-objects",
-            "version": "5.0.5",
+            "version": "5.0.6",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit-mock-objects.git",
-                "reference": "283b9f4f670e3a6fd6c4ff95c51a952eb5c75933"
+                "reference": "33fd41a76e746b8fa96d00b49a23dadfa8334cdf"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/sebastianbergmann/phpunit-mock-objects/zipball/283b9f4f670e3a6fd6c4ff95c51a952eb5c75933",
-                "reference": "283b9f4f670e3a6fd6c4ff95c51a952eb5c75933",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/sebastianbergmann/phpunit-mock-objects/zipball/33fd41a76e746b8fa96d00b49a23dadfa8334cdf",
+                "reference": "33fd41a76e746b8fa96d00b49a23dadfa8334cdf",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -4132,7 +4132,7 @@
                 "mock",
                 "xunit"
             ],
-            "time": "2017-12-10T08:01:53+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-06T05:45:45+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup",
@@ -4695,16 +4695,16 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/dotenv",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/dotenv.git",
-                "reference": "ffcaeab01e42b0c40669add2aa8e77f79ddb9389"
+                "reference": "afb6923923e22874dac20bd042167ccb8df1d158"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/dotenv/zipball/ffcaeab01e42b0c40669add2aa8e77f79ddb9389",
-                "reference": "ffcaeab01e42b0c40669add2aa8e77f79ddb9389",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/dotenv/zipball/afb6923923e22874dac20bd042167ccb8df1d158",
+                "reference": "afb6923923e22874dac20bd042167ccb8df1d158",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -4748,7 +4748,7 @@
                 "env",
                 "environment"
             ],
-            "time": "2017-12-08T15:46:13+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T17:15:19+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/maker-bundle",
@@ -4809,16 +4809,16 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/phpunit-bridge",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/phpunit-bridge.git",
-                "reference": "61c84ebdce0d4c289413a222ee545f0114e60120"
+                "reference": "b989c646eb422f3ad583f0be3b482a774668e86f"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/phpunit-bridge/zipball/61c84ebdce0d4c289413a222ee545f0114e60120",
-                "reference": "61c84ebdce0d4c289413a222ee545f0114e60120",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/phpunit-bridge/zipball/b989c646eb422f3ad583f0be3b482a774668e86f",
+                "reference": "b989c646eb422f3ad583f0be3b482a774668e86f",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -4838,6 +4838,10 @@
             "extra": {
                 "branch-alias": {
                     "dev-master": "4.0-dev"
+                },
+                "thanks": {
+                    "name": "phpunit/phpunit",
+                    "url": "https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit"
                 }
             },
             "autoload": {
@@ -4867,7 +4871,7 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony PHPUnit Bridge",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-14T19:48:22+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-04T17:20:09+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/polyfill-php72",
@@ -4954,16 +4958,16 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/stopwatch",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/stopwatch.git",
-                "reference": "ac0e49150555c703fef6b696d8eaba1db7a3ca03"
+                "reference": "d52321f0e2b596bd03b5d1dd6eebe71caa925704"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/stopwatch/zipball/ac0e49150555c703fef6b696d8eaba1db7a3ca03",
-                "reference": "ac0e49150555c703fef6b696d8eaba1db7a3ca03",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/stopwatch/zipball/d52321f0e2b596bd03b5d1dd6eebe71caa925704",
+                "reference": "d52321f0e2b596bd03b5d1dd6eebe71caa925704",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -4999,20 +5003,20 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony Stopwatch Component",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-11-09T12:45:29+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T07:38:00+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/var-dumper",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/var-dumper.git",
-                "reference": "0991597a40f062bab7203efc2cc6cee9b3d44ed6"
+                "reference": "883f6109a2069773e088c08626b87a3d3d61c566"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/var-dumper/zipball/0991597a40f062bab7203efc2cc6cee9b3d44ed6",
-                "reference": "0991597a40f062bab7203efc2cc6cee9b3d44ed6",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/var-dumper/zipball/883f6109a2069773e088c08626b87a3d3d61c566",
+                "reference": "883f6109a2069773e088c08626b87a3d3d61c566",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -5068,20 +5072,20 @@
                 "debug",
                 "dump"
             ],
-            "time": "2017-12-12T08:41:51+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-03T17:15:19+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/web-profiler-bundle",
-            "version": "v4.0.2",
+            "version": "v4.0.3",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/web-profiler-bundle.git",
-                "reference": "81e20cbc7b998918a413fbf84a6f2cc770837e10"
+                "reference": "20a04d0672d7f538d1c06ded7bf5990f23c089aa"
             },
             "dist": {
                 "type": "zip",
-                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/web-profiler-bundle/zipball/81e20cbc7b998918a413fbf84a6f2cc770837e10",
-                "reference": "81e20cbc7b998918a413fbf84a6f2cc770837e10",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/web-profiler-bundle/zipball/20a04d0672d7f538d1c06ded7bf5990f23c089aa",
+                "reference": "20a04d0672d7f538d1c06ded7bf5990f23c089aa",
                 "shasum": ""
             },
             "require": {
@@ -5134,7 +5138,7 @@
             ],
             "description": "Symfony WebProfilerBundle",
             "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
-            "time": "2017-12-12T08:41:51+00:00"
+            "time": "2018-01-04T15:52:56+00:00"
         },
         {
             "name": "theseer/tokenizer",

src/Controller/ProductController.php

@@ -27,8 +27,38 @@ class ProductController extends Controller
   public function index(ProductRepository $repository) {
     // Can also be fetched from the EntityManager, but simpler to inject it.
     $priceLimit = 21;
+    /* Generated SQL */
+$qb_SQL = <<<SQL
+SELECT 
+  p0_.description AS description_0, 
+  p0_.id AS id_1, 
+  p0_.name AS name_2, 
+  p0_.price AS price_3, 
+  p0_.category_id AS category_id_4 
+FROM 
+  product p0_ 
+WHERE 
+  p0_.price < ? 
+ORDER BY 
+  p0_.price ASC
+SQL;
+
     $productsQB = $repository->findProductsLessThanQB($priceLimit);
     $productsDQL = $repository->findProductsLessThanDQL($priceLimit);
+$plain_SQL = <<<SQL
+SELECT 
+  p.description, 
+  p.id, 
+  p.name, 
+  p.price
+FROM 
+  product p
+WHERE 
+  p.price < :price
+ORDER BY 
+  p.price ASC;
+SQL;
+
     $productsSQL = $repository->findProductsLessThanSQL($priceLimit);
 
     // These two build the exact same query object.
@@ -81,11 +111,11 @@ class ProductController extends Controller
    *   path = "/product/{id}/manual",
    * )
    *
-   * @param $id
+   * @param int $id
    *
    * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
    */
-  public function showManually($id) {
+  public function showManually(int $id) {
     $repository = $this->getDoctrine()
       ->getRepository(Product::class);
 
@@ -94,7 +124,7 @@ class ProductController extends Controller
 
     // Find single entity by properties
     $product = $repository->findOneBy([
-      'name' => 'Keyboard',
+      'id' => $id,
     ]);
 
     $productsBy = $repository->findBy([
@@ -110,8 +140,64 @@ class ProductController extends Controller
       );
     }
 
+    $cat_SQL = <<<SQL
+SELECT 
+  t0.id AS id_1, 
+  t0.name AS name_2 
+FROM 
+  category t0 
+WHERE 
+  t0.id = ?
+SQL;
+
+    $category = $product->getCategory();
+
+    return $this->render('product/product.html.twig', [
+      'product' => $product,
+      'category' => $category->getName(),
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @Route(
+   *   name = "product_show_combined",
+   *   path = "/product/{id}/combined",
+   * )
+   *
+   * @param int $id
+   *
+   * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
+   */
+  public function showCombined(int $id, ProductRepository $repository) {
+    $joined_SQL = <<<SQL
+SELECT 
+  p0_.description AS description_0, 
+  p0_.id AS id_1, 
+  p0_.name AS name_2, 
+  p0_.price AS price_3, 
+  c1_.id AS id_4, 
+  c1_.name AS name_5, 
+  p0_.category_id AS category_id_6 
+FROM 
+  product p0_ 
+  INNER JOIN category c1_ ON p0_.category_id = c1_.id 
+WHERE 
+  p0_.id = ?
+SQL;
+    $product = $repository->findOneByIdJoinedToCategory($id);
+    if (!$product) {
+      throw $this->createNotFoundException(
+        "No product found for id $id"
+      );
+    }
+
+    // And at this point, no query, since category has been hydrated during the
+    // joined query.
+    $category = $product->getCategory();
+
     return $this->render('product/product.html.twig', [
       'product' => $product,
+      'category' => $category->getName(),
     ]);
   }
 
@@ -128,6 +214,7 @@ class ProductController extends Controller
   public function show(Product $product) {
     return $this->render('product/product.html.twig', [
       'product' => $product,
+      'category' => $product->getCategory()->getName(),
     ]);
   }
 

src/Entity/Product.php

@@ -53,46 +53,46 @@ class Product
   private $price;
 
   /**
-   * @return mixed
+   * @return \App\Entity\Category
    */
-  public function getCategory() {
+  public function getCategory(): Category {
     return $this->category;
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return mixed
+   * @return string
    */
-  public function getDescription() {
+  public function getDescription(): string {
     return $this->description;
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return mixed
+   * @return int
    */
-  public function getId() {
+  public function getId(): int {
     return $this->id;
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return mixed
+   * @return string
    */
-  public function getName() {
+  public function getName(): string {
     return $this->name;
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return mixed
+   * @return float
    */
-  public function getPrice() {
+  public function getPrice(): float {
     return $this->price;
   }
 
   /**
-   * @param mixed $category
+   * @param \App\Entity\Category $category
    *
-   * @return Product
+   * @return \App\Entity\Product
    */
-  public function setCategory($category) {
+  public function setCategory(Category $category): self {
     $this->category = $category;
     return $this;
   }

src/Repository/ProductRepository.php

@@ -59,4 +59,14 @@ SQL;
     // returns an array of arrays (i.e. a raw data set).
     return $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Product::class);
   }
+
+  public function findOneByIdJoinedToCategory($productId) {
+    return $this->createQueryBuilder('p')
+      ->innerJoin('p.category', 'c')
+      ->addSelect('c')
+      ->andWhere('p.id = :id')
+      ->setParameter('id', $productId)
+      ->getQuery()
+      ->getOneOrNullResult();
+  }
 }

templates/product/product.html.twig

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@
                 <td>Price</td>
                 <td>{{ '%10.2f'|format(product.price) }}</td>
             </tr>
+            <tr>
+                <td>Category</td>
+                <td>{{ category }}</td>
+            </tr>
         </tbody>
     </table>
 {% endblock %}